Hydro power plant basics pdf

Hydro power plant construction working and history of. Working principle of hydroelectric power plant your. Pdf fundamentals of small hydro power technologies training. Weve tried to keep the content objective and hypefree, so you wont see information about canyon hydro systems specifically. Hydroelectric power plants can include a reservoir generally created by a dam to exploit the energy of falling water, or can use the kinetic energy of water as in runoftheriver hydroelectricity. In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilised to rotate a turbine to produce electricity. This raises the possibility that power plant developers will continue to follow the pattern of the 1990s and rely heavily on natural gas plants to meet the need for new generating capacity with current technology, coalfired power plants using carbon capture equipment are an expensive source of electricity in a carbon control case. This guide is divided into nine chapters and covers the basic concepts, meaning of definitions. An introduction to hydropower concepts and planning. In hydro electric plant, the cost of generation being free of fuel element.

There several important components of the hydroelectric power plant which we will go over in this brief and informative article. Introduction the primary purpose of a governor for a hydroelectric unit is to control the speed and loading of the unit. Kaplin, impulse turbine pelton, example, tutorial sheet7. Soon they began to underprice the smaller hydroelectric plants. In some cases, small hydropower plants supply power to. Design and installation of a mini hydro electric power plant.

Environmental impacts hydroelectric power includes both massive hydroelectric dams and small runoftheriver plants. Hydro power comes in manifold project types see classification by facility type and is a highly sitespecific technology, where each project is a tailormade outcome for a particular location within a given river basin to meet specific needs for energy and water management services. It is a flexible source of electricity and also the cost of electricity generation is. Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with. Unit 1 introduction to power plants introduction to. Power supply for the auxiliaries, cranes, and lighting is usually arranged from a. Hydroelectric dam 1 dam the dam is the most important component of hydroelectric power plant.

To understand how a hydroelectric governor operates, a basic understanding of governor. Dam most hydropower plants rely on a dam that holds back water, creating a large reservoir. Introduction to the specifics of small hydro power plants shpp structure of the presentation 1. Often, this reservoir is used as a recreational lake, such as lake roosevelt at the grand coulee dam in washington state intake gates on the dam open and gravity pulls the water through the penstock, a pipeline that leads to the turbine. Pdf on jun 15, 2006, divas basnyat and others published fundamentals of small. The laymans guide guide brings together all of these aspects in a stepbystep approach, and will serve as a useful tool for a potential developer of a small hydropower scheme. The basic knowledge of this science is a must for every civil engineer, particularly the. Introduction to the specifics of small hydro power plants shpp. Hydro electric power plant objective questions mcq and. Hydro power plant in india first hydro power plant was constructed at mysore in 1902 named as sivaramudram having capacity 4. Principal of hydro power plant the objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine termed the head, into electrical energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located. Advantages and disadvantages of a thermal power plant. In the following decades, many more hydroelectric plants were built. Small hydro power technology the schematic of a small hydro power plant runofriver type is shown in fig.

Head and flow hydraulic power can be captured wherever a flow of water falls from a higher level to a lower level. It accomplishes this by controlling the flow of water through the turbine. Water builds up pressure as it flows through this pipe. The potential power that can be derived from a volume of water is directly proportional to the working head, so that a highhead installation requires a smaller volume of. Guide on how to develop a small hydropower plant energiatalgud. Hydropower primer federal energy regulatory commission. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter7 hydrowater power. The dam stores lots of water behind it in the reservoir. An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Hydroelectric plants can vary in size from small community sized plants micro. Generation of electricity by hydropower potential energy in stored water is one of the cleanest methods of producing electric power.

The guide aims to assist all players in hydropower development involved in project planning, evaluation appraisal, implementation and monitoring. Hydropower plants hpps are unique compared to other. In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of total electricity generation of the world. The potential energy stored in the water at upper water level will release as kinetic energy when it falls to the lower water level. In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of the total electricity generation in the world.

The theory is to build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in elevation there are not many hydroelectric plants in kansas or florida. Many hydroelectric plants have been in use for at least 50 years, and they are still running smoothly. Hydroelectric power plants are categorized according to size. Efficiency of the system,type of draft tube and type of turbine used d. The hydroelectric power plant requires the same basic auxiliaries as any other power plant such as the governor system, exciters, cranes, control panels, etc. First approximation of shpp layout and electricty generation 5. Introduction to power plants run of the river in some areas of the world, the flow rate and elevation drops of the water are consistent enough that hydroelectric plants can be built directly in the river. Power supply for the auxiliaries, cranes, and lighting is usually arranged from a small independent hydraulic turbine and generator. Hydroelectric power plant definition, working diagram. A hydroelectric plant is also a lot cheaper to operate because it can be fully automated, saving labor costs, and because its facilities dont need to be repaired frequently. It will also explain the basic system components, the need for permits and water rights, and how you might be able to sell the excess electricity you generate.

The power output from a hydroelectric power plant depends on three parameters a. Cost of generation per kwh for hydro station and thermal station are in the ratio 1. The worlds largest hydroelectric plant in terms of installed capacity is three gorges sanxia on chinas yangtze river, which is 1. Six important components of hydroelectric power plants. The article includes definition, working principle, diagram, advantages, disadvantages, application, pdf of hydro power plant. This turbine rotates when the following water strikes the turbine blades. The basic requirement of a hydroelectric power station is a. Take a look at this diagram courtesy of the tennessee valley authority of a hydroelectric power plant to see the details. Coal fired power plants have been the main means of power generation in. Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with propeller turbine, pp.

It wasnt until the oil shocks of the 1970s that people showed a renewed interest in hydropower. A practical thermal plant possess more complicated design and multiple stages of turbine such as high pressure turbine hpt, intermediate pressure turbine ipt and low pressure turbine lpt. The efficiency of todays hydroelectric plant is about 90 percent. Estimation of the water flow rate the water flow rate q can be estimated in different ways but a. The operational reliability of the generating units of the hydro power stations shall be such that whenever the grid demands, it should be available for generation. Hydroelectricity is the application of hydropower to generate electricity. The water passes through the plant without greatly changing the flow rate of the river. This raises the possibility that power plant developers will continue to follow the pattern of the 1990s and rely heavily on natural gas plants to meet the need for new generating capacity with current technology, coalfired power plants using carbon capture equipment are an. Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy. Hydroelectric power plants are usually located in dams that impound rivers, thereby raising the level of the water behind the dam and creating as high a head as is feasible. Canyon hydro has developed this guide to hydro power to help you gain a basic understanding of how home power microhydro systems work, and what goes into the design. A micro sized plant is one that generates less than 100 kw of electricity and would typically be used to power 12 houses. Most conventional hydroelectric plants include four major components see graphic below.

Hydro dams it is easier to build a hydropower plant where there is a natural waterfall. Uses of hydropower in the united states today, hydropower projects provide 81 percent of the nations renewable electricity generation and about 10 percent of the nations. Largescale hydroelectric dams continue to be built in many parts of the world including china and brazil, but it is unlikely that new facilities will be added to the existing u. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects. Canyon hydro has developed this guide to hydro power to help you gain a basic understanding of how.