Therefore, this study assesses the impact of acid mine drainage in the. Treating acid mine drainage from abandoned mines in. Acid mine drainage mines built as early as the 1800s were developed in a manner which utilized gravity drainage, to avoid excessive water accumulation in the mines as a result, water polluted by acid, iron, sulfur and aluminum drained away from the mines and into streams results of acid mine drainage. I acid mine drainage the generation of acid mine drainage amd and its discharge into the environment surrounding abandoned mines is likely to cause serious environmental pollution. However, acid mine drainage eventually leaves its mark.
Certain southern west virginia drainages which are not acidic contain more than the maximum allowable. The possibilities of metal concentration decrease in acid mine drainage zeszyty naukowe politechniki rzeszowskiej. An introduction to acid mine drainage wv department of. Flowchart for selecting a passive amd treatment system based on water chemistry and flow adapted from hedin and nairn, 1992. Acid mine drainage an overview sciencedirect topics. Acid base accounting is a test to assess the potential of a material to. Aqueous chemistry, coupled with discharge volume can, thus, estimate the annual production of tree, amd sludge and the grade of amd sludge as a process feedstock. Recovery of rare earth elements rees from coal mine. There is actually a complex series of reactions and side reactions, but the net equation is often written according to equation 1. Removal of manganese from acid mine drainage raymond j. Geological survey, open file report 00369, online only, version 1. Delineation of zones of acid mine drainage using surface geophysics.
The water monitoring should include the measurement of physicochemical quality and water level, in parallel with local climate measurements. Introduction manganese is a common component of both neutral and acid mine drainage. Mines should be able to use human rights rhetoric and additional contextual analysis to better understand how social impact issues can evolve into potential human rights violations. Lovett department of chemistry west virginia university morgantown, wv 26506 i. Amd is a major pollutant resulting in enhanced acidity of water bodies wherever it exists 7. A study of environmental assessment of acid mine drainage in ngwenya, swaziland 21 this acidic effluent produced during the mining process is called acid mine drainage amd 5,6. In a nutshell, acid mine drainage is a form of water pollution that happens when rain, runoff, or streams come in contact with rock that is rich in sulfur.
This gard guide deals with the prediction, prevention, and management of drainage produced from sulphide mineral oxidation, often termed acid rock drainage ard, saline drainage sd, acid mine drainage or acid and metalliferous drainage amd, mining influenced water miw, and neutral mine drainage nmd. A complex series of chemical weathering reactions are spontaneously initiated when surface mining activities expose spoil. Acid mine drainage amd is one of the most important environmental problems facing the mining industry. Because the chemistry of water samples can rapidly change if removed from the mine, many mine drainage measurements are made in the field. Aerobic degradation of organic mater and the mobility of cu cd ni pb zn fe and mn in marine sediment slurries marine chemistry volume 29 355 374. The rate and degree by which acid mine drainage proceeds can be increased by the action of certain bacteria. Even though amd has received greater attention than neutral or alkaline mine drainage, their environmental adverse effects can still not be neglected. The chemical and physical changes to the stream from mine drainage result in the. To file a complaint of discrimination, write usda, director, office of civil rights, room 326w, whitten building, 14th and independence avenue, sw, washington, dc 202509410 or call 202 7205964 voice or tdd. Simulating water treatment for acid mine drainage using. Recovery of rare earth elements rees from coal mine drainage dr.
Acid metalliferous mine drainage management abbreviations and definitions acronym term definition determination unit aba by sobek the acid base accounting test was developed in 1974 to evaluate coal mine waste and was modified et al. Fundamentals of minedrainage formation and chemistry kathleen s. Treating acid mine drainage from abandoned mines in remote. Acid mine drainage is a major driving force responsi. The physical and chemical conditions of different mine drainage and water from thickening. A direct link to the materials for this video can be. Modelling of acid mine drainage amd in columns scielo. Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage amd, or acid rock drainage ard is the. The process of acid formation in coal mine drainage 7 identification of sources of mine related drainage 8. Enhanced immobilization of arsenic from acid mine drainage.
In examining this table, it is important to note that diffusion of oxygen into water is slow and, therefore, oxidation of iron sulfide is inhibited until the water level drops, which can occur periodically or seasonally in some cases. Introduction the mining of coal deposits and metal ores often results in a phenomenon called acid mine drainage amd. The chemistry of oxidation of pyrites, the production of. Following the gold king mine release in august 2015, multiple federal, state, and local agencies believed it was important to identify inactive mine sites throughout the state that may pose a threat to water quality or physical and safety hazards. Department of the interior colorado school of mines u. Geochemistry of acid mine drainage from a coal mining.
The acid runoff further dissolves heavy metals such as copper, lead, and mercury into groundwater or surface water. The first measurement typically looks at acidity, which is. The model simulates some of the major chemical processes that occur in a water treatment plant designed to neutralize and remove metals from an influent water typical of acid mine drainage. Sources of coalmine drainage and their effects on surface. Usda is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Rowley mv, warkentin dd, yan vt, piroshco bm 1994 the biosulfide process. Precipitation of heavy metals from acid mine drainage and. Acid mine drainage abatement and treatment plans odnr mineral. Characterization of mine waste rocks and prediction of acid mine drainage amd play an important role in preventing amd. As a result, the water becomes very acidic and damages downstream aquatic ecosystems. Current methods for the remediation of acid mine drainage. In situ fabrication of electrofenton catalyst from fe2.
In particular, the weathering of pyrite at mine sites causes the largest, and most testing, environmental problem facing the industry today acid mine drainage evangelou 1995. Biological treatment toolbox for swedish mine drainage. Here, we show for the first time that detrital clay minerals originating from the partial weathering of coal mining waste substantially increased total as uptake by acid mine drainage amd sediments. Ephemeral acid mine drainage at the montalbion silver mine. In some regions, it is the most common form of stream and river pollution. Research efforts have proceeded recently through the acid drainage technology initiative. Leachate chemistry of humidity cell small column tests. This results primarily from the oxidative breakdown of transition metal sulfides, especially pyrite fes 2. Acid mine drainage from folldal mine tailings brage nmbu unit. Fundamentals of minedrainage formation and chemistry. Amd is a problem now because of the increasing numbers of closed mines and the eventual closure of whole coalfields. At a 6ha 15acre reclaimed strip mine with a perennial acidic seep issuing from the base of the spoil backfill, 2.
Innovative treatment technologies notice this document was prepared by a national network of environmental management studies grantee under a fellowship from the u. Wildeman billings symposium asmr annual meeting assessing the toxicity potential of mine waste piles workshop june 1, 2003 u. Pdf acid mine drainage treatment with chemicals jeff. Although a host of chemical processes contribute to acid mine drainage, pyrite oxidation is by far the greatest contributor. Mine acid drainage mad is the runoff produced when water comes into contact with exposed rocks containing sulfurbearing minerals that react with water and air to form sulfuric acid, dissolved fe and al, and other chemical elements blowes et al. Although hightech analytical methods have been highlighted for mineral characterization and quantification, simple testing methods are still practical ways to perform in a field laboratory in mines. Some or all of this iron can precipitate to form the red, orange, or yellow sediments in the bottom of streams containing mine drainage. You can see from equation 1 that in order for these reactions to happen, the pyrite must be exposed to both air and mining is one of south africas most important industries, but it comes with a cost.
Comparison of acid rock drainage factors in waste rock piles and tailings. Characterization of mine waste and acid mine drainage. Pdf biogeochemistry of acid mine drainage and a method. Major impact areas are rivers, lakes, estuaries and coastal waters, although amd affects different aquatic ecosystems in different ways. Mcsurdy department of energy pittsburgh research center p. Biogeo chemistry of acid mine drainage and a method to control. Acid mine drainage research acid mine drainage amd has been the subject of intensive research since the 1960s. Paul ziemkiewicz, director, wv water research institute.
Pdf a bacterium, thiobacillus ferrooxidans, is of prime importance in the formation of acid drainage from pyritic material. Acid mine drainage project lab chemistry libretexts. Proc int land reclamation and mine drainage conf and 3rd int conf on the abatement of acidic drainage, vol 1. Fly ash for removal of contaminates from coal mine drainage shadi abubaker, shahrokh ghaffari, lucy egdell, kristin haser college of arts and sciences, ohio university zanesville, zanesville, usa abstract in this study, fly ash obtained from a coal burning power plant was used to remove iron from coal mine drainage as well as raising the ph. Budownictwo i inzynieria srodowiska volume 266 917. Treating acid mine drainage from abandoned mines in remote areas john j. These processes require lime and air addition to the water and produce sludge. It affects aquatic ecosystems by a number of direct and indirect pathways. A study of environmental assessment of acid mine drainage. Acid mine drainage prevention and control options 601 prediction of performance the performance of the designed or selected options compared to the adopted standards is predicted by applying appropriate engineering techniques e. This laboratory project uses the context of acid mine drainage to teach concepts important to analytical chemistry and quantitative analysis. This is a natural chemical reaction which can proceed when minerals are exposed to air and water. Surface modification of graphite support as an effective strategy to enhance the electrofenton activity of fe3o4graphite composites in situ fabricated from acid mine drainage using an aircathode fuel cell. Effects of mine related drainage on water chemistry of receiving streams and thomas hill reservoir 20 north fork claybank creek basin 20 low base flow 20.
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